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Cataract

Lifestyle modifications

NUTRITION

  • Alcohol is a risk factor for cataract (1)

  • Malnutrition is a risk factor for cataract (1)

  • A healthy diet (high Healthy Eating Index) seems to reduce the risk of cataract (2)

  • A diet rich in lutein and zeaxanthine is associated with reduced risk of cataract (2)

  • The incidense risk ratios for cataract development with various diets compared to high meat diet (>100g/day): Moderate meat eaters (50-99g/day) (0,96), Low meat (< 50g/day) (0,85), pesco vegetarians (0,79) , lacto ovo vegetarians (0,70), vegans (0,60) (3)

  • Vegetarian diets are associated with 20% reduced risk of cataract (4)


PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  • Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cataract (1)


SMOKING

  • Smoking is a risk factor for cataract (1)

  • Some lense damage may be reversed if quitting smoking (1)


SUNLIGHT

  • Sunlight exposure increases the risk of cataract (1)

References

Resources

Evidence Pyramid

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION

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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD

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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE

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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font

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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE

Figure: Evidence pyramid

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