Cataract
Lifestyle modifications
NUTRITION
Alcohol is a risk factor for cataract (1)
Malnutrition is a risk factor for cataract (1)
A healthy diet (high Healthy Eating Index) seems to reduce the risk of cataract (2)
A diet rich in lutein and zeaxanthine is associated with reduced risk of cataract (2)
The incidense risk ratios for cataract development with various diets compared to high meat diet (>100g/day): Moderate meat eaters (50-99g/day) (0,96), Low meat (< 50g/day) (0,85), pesco vegetarians (0,79) , lacto ovo vegetarians (0,70), vegans (0,60) (3)
Vegetarian diets are associated with 20% reduced risk of cataract (4)
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cataract (1)
SMOKING
Smoking is a risk factor for cataract (1)
Some lense damage may be reversed if quitting smoking (1)
SUNLIGHT
Sunlight exposure increases the risk of cataract (1)
References
1) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cataract-in-adults
2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896219/
3) https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/93/5/1128/4597843
4) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212267220314283
Resources

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION
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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD
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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE
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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font
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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE
Figure: Evidence pyramid