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Colorectal Cancer

Lifestyle modifications

NUTRITION

  • Fiber intake: Higher intake of total dietary fiber is associated with reduced colorectal mortality. For every 5g/d of increased dietary fiber intake there was a 18% reduced risk of colorectal mortality (2)

  • Prevention: Dietary calcium supplementation (1200mg) reduces polyp recurrent rate (1)

  • Prevention: Vitamin B2 intake is inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer (1)

  • Prevention: Omega 3 fatty acids at recommended levels is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer (1)

  • Prevention: Low levels of vitamin D is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (1)

  • In general it is recommended that the nutrients should come from foods rather than supplements (1)

  • Prevention: Moderate to high alcohol intake is associated with increased colorectal cancer compared to not drinking, by 21% and 52% (1)

  • Prevention: Processed meat is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Red meat is "probably carcinogenic" (1)


SMOKING

  • Smoking cessation is recommended as smoking is a known risk factor for development of colorectal cancer (1)

  • Risk reduction is seen with early smoking cessation (1)

References

1) https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/258/prevention

2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5776713/

Resources

1) https://www.wcrf.org/diet-activity-and-cancer/cancer-types/colorectal-cancer/

Evidence Pyramid

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION

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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD

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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE

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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font

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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE

Figure: Evidence pyramid

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