Colorectal Cancer
Lifestyle modifications
NUTRITION
Fiber intake: Higher intake of total dietary fiber is associated with reduced colorectal mortality. For every 5g/d of increased dietary fiber intake there was a 18% reduced risk of colorectal mortality (2)
Prevention: Dietary calcium supplementation (1200mg) reduces polyp recurrent rate (1)
Prevention: Vitamin B2 intake is inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer (1)
Prevention: Omega 3 fatty acids at recommended levels is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer (1)
Prevention: Low levels of vitamin D is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (1)
In general it is recommended that the nutrients should come from foods rather than supplements (1)
Prevention: Moderate to high alcohol intake is associated with increased colorectal cancer compared to not drinking, by 21% and 52% (1)
Prevention: Processed meat is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Red meat is "probably carcinogenic" (1)
SMOKING
Smoking cessation is recommended as smoking is a known risk factor for development of colorectal cancer (1)
Risk reduction is seen with early smoking cessation (1)
References
Resources

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION
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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD
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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE
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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font
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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE
Figure: Evidence pyramid