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Dyslipidemia

Lifestyle modifications

NUTRITION

  • Limit intake of saturated fat to < 7% of daily calories (1)

  • Limit intake of trans fat to < 1% (1)

  • Limit intake of dietary cholesterol to < 300mg / day (1)

  • Increase the intake of fiber, complex carbohydrates and unsaturated fats (1)

  • Soy supplementation reduces LDL-C (1)

  • Mediterranean diet and low fat diets may reduce LDL-C up to 19 - 30% (1)

  • Plant stanols/sterols (1)

  • Hypertriglyceridemia lifestyle factors: Excessive alcohol intake, high intake of saturated fats, sugar, high glycemic index foods (2)

  • Hypertriglyceridemia: Avoid alcohol, adopt to a low fat diet, avoid simple carbohydrates, weight loss

  • Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet: - 10-15% LDL reduction (3)

  • Vegan diet: - 15-25% LDL reduction (3)

  • Combination diet (vegetarian diets with additional fiber, soy and nuts): - 20-35% LDL reduction (3)


PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  • Regular aerob physical activity (1)

  • Hypertriglyceridemia lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle (2)


WEIGHT

  • Weight reduction if obese (1)

  • Hypertriglyceridemia lifestyle factors: Obesity (2)


SMOKING

  • Smoking cessation is recommended (1)

References

Resources

Evidence Pyramid

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION

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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD

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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE

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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font

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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE

Figure: Evidence pyramid

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