Glaucoma
Lifestyle modifications
NUTRITION
Frequency of coffee/caffeine intake may be associated with progression of glaucoma (1)
Some food supplements may reduce intraocular pressure up to 2.0 mmHg (1)
Higher dietary nitrate and green leafy vegetable intake was associated with lower risk of POAG (2)
Following a Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet was associated with reduced risk (OR 0.8) of developing open angle glaucoma (3)
EXERCISE
Moderate aerob exercise may reduce intraocular pressure up to 3.0 mmHg (1)
Potential negative effects are associated with yoga and weight lifting exercises (1)
SLEEP
Sleeping with the head elevated, and at the same time avoiding the worst eye-dependent side during sleep has shown to reduce intraocular pressure and reduce visual field loss (1)
References
1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743157/
2) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2480455
3) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-022-03003-w
Resources
EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION
Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems are written in BOLD
Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews are written in BOLD and CURSIVE
Evidence based on randomized controlled trials are written in plain font
Evidence based on observational / cohort studies are written in CURSIVE
Figure: Evidence pyramid