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Multiple sclerosis

Lifestyle modifications

NUTRITION

  • Prevention: Ensuring adequate intake of vitamin D may have a preventive effect (2)


PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  • Most people with MS may benefit from regular exercise. It reduces fatigue and improves sleep (1)

  • Limited evidence shows that some may benefit from mind-body exercises / relaxation training (1)


SMOKING

  • Smoking may increase the progression of MS (3)

  • Prevention: Smoking cessation, as smoking seems to be a risk factor for MS (2)

References

1) https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/140/management-approach

2) https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/140/prevention

3) https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng220

Resources

Evidence Pyramid

EXPLANATION TO EVIDENCE PRESENTATION

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Evidence based on guidelines and evidence based Clinical Decision Systems is written in BOLD

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Evidence based on meta analysis or systematic reviews is written in BOLD and CURSIVE

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Evidence based on randomized controlled trials is written in plain font

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Evidence based on observational / cohort studies is written in CURSIVE

Figure: Evidence pyramid

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